Beijing Opera, also known as Peking Opera, is a traditional Chinese performing art form that combines theatrical elements such as singing, dance, acrobatics, dialogue, and martial arts into one expressive and symbolic stage. Each scene is performed with highly codified choreography, where hand gestures, body turns, and even long arm strokes can convey emotion, journey, or conflict without explicit words. This is what makes Beijing Opera not just entertainment, but also a profound form of cultural communication.
Beijing Opera Performance Documentation by 陈文, CC BY 2.0
The main attraction of Beijing Opera is clearly visible in its costumes and makeup. Costumes are designed with striking colors and intricate decorations to reflect the social status or role of the characters, from emperors to warriors. But what truly stands out is the art of makeup, or Lianpu , where each color has a symbolic meaning: red for courage and loyalty, black for justice, white for cunning, and gold or silver for supernatural figures. At a glance, the audience can grasp the basic nature of the characters on stage.
(1) Documentation of Characters in Beijing Opera by By 陈文, CC BY 2.0 . (2) Photo by Hans Bernhard (Schnobby) , CC BY-SA 3.0 . (3) Photo by Art Poskanzer , CC BY 2.0
The musical aspect of this performance is also very distinctive. The music is played using traditional instruments such as the jinghu (a high-pitched two-stringed violin) and percussion instruments such as gongs and cymbals. Two main styles of singing, the xipi and the erhuang , are used to convey joyous or melancholic moods. The high, sonorous vocals are characteristic of Beijing Opera, requiring highly trained breathing and articulation techniques from each actor. In addition to the singing, the dialogue used differs from everyday conversation, enhancing the dramatic feel.
Beijing Opera Performance Scene Documentation by 陈文, CC BY 2.0
Beijing Opera is not just a performance, but also a reflection of classical Chinese values, philosophy, and aesthetics. Its blend of visual symbolism, musical narrative, and physical discipline makes it a complex and beautiful art form. For the Chinese people, Beijing Opera is a living cultural heritage, constantly evolving with the times while remaining true to its traditional roots.
Written by Noverdy R
Reference:
- China.org.cn. (2008). Peking Opera: The soul of Chinese national culture .
- Top China Travel. Peking Opera: History, Costumes, Facial Makeup, Tunes and Stagecraft .
- Shine.cn. (2018). Art and Meaning Behind Peking Opera Facial Makeup .
