In the early days of Batavia, the Ciliwung River was used as a drinking water source. Initially, this water was collected near the fort, but later transferred to the banks of the Molenvliet Canal, an area now known as Glodok. There, a water reservoir was built complete with a three-meter-high wooden fountain. The location was known as Pancoran, a name still used today, although the fountain itself has long since disappeared.
Molenvliet area (1953) By Collectie Wereldmuseum (v/h Tropenmuseum), part of the National Museum of World Cultures
Water from the fountains was collected by water vendors using containers, transported by boat, and sold to households. Until 1648, the water in the Ciliwung River's banks remained relatively clear. However, starting in 1689, water quality deteriorated, particularly during the rainy season, leading to the dismantling of the reservoir and fountain system.
Molenvliet atmosphere around 1925 By Collectie Wereldmuseum (v/h Tropenmuseum), part of the National Museum of World Cultures
Some Europeans living in Batavia refused to drink the polluted river water. They instead imported expensive soda water from the Netherlands, which locals called "Dutch water." Many even preferred alcohol to Ciliwung River water, a practice that ironically contributed to the city's high death rate.
Harmonie Building (1870-1900) By Collectie Wereldmuseum (v/h Tropenmuseum), part of the National Museum of World Cultures
It wasn't until 1743 that clean water began flowing from Bogor to Batavia, and Bogor water was preferred over the wells around what is now Lapangan Banteng. Despite the availability of clean water, many residents retained wells at home for washing, cleaning furniture and vehicles, and watering plants.
Written by Noverdy R
Reference:
Setianti, Eni, et al. Jakarta Encyclopedia: Jakarta Past, Present, & Tomorrow. Jakarta: PT Lentera Abadi, 2009.
